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ObjectiveTo explore the effects of phillygenin （PHI） on the inflammation in L02 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） and the expression of purinergic 2X7 receptor （P2X7R）， NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 （NLRP3）， and nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） expression. MethodIn this study， the inflammation model was induced in L02 cells by 100 μg·L-1 LPS treatment for 24 h and 5 mmoL·L-1 ATP treatment for 5 h. The cells in the PHI groups were cultured with PHI （100， 50， 25 mg·L-1） for 6 h in the LPS treatment period， followed by LPS treatment for another 18 h. After ATP treatment for 5 h， the mRNA and protein expression of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， P2X7R， NLRP3， Caspase-1 precursor （pro-Caspase-1）， cleaved Caspase-1， NF-κB， and NF-κB inhibitor protein α （IκBα） in L02 cells was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. Molecular docking was used to predict whether P2X7R could bind to PHI， and DCFH-DA was employed to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in cells. P2X7R was silenced by small interfering ribonucleic acid （siRNA）， and then the mRNA expression of IL-1β， IL-18， P2X7R， NLRP3， Caspase-1， NF-κB， and IκBα was detected by Real-time PCR. ResultReal-time PCR and Western blot showed that compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased expression of IL-1β and IL-18 （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the PHI groups showed down-regulated IL-1β， IL-18 mRNA and protein expression （P<0.05）. Molecular docking suggested a good binding effect of PHI to P2X7R. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of P2X7R in the model group was significantly up-regulated compared with that in the normal group （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the PHI groups showed down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of P2X7R （P<0.05）. DCFH-DA results showed that compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased content of ROS （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the PHI groups decreased the accumulation of ROS （P<0.05）. As demonstrated by Real-time PCR and Western blot， compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the PHI groups significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3 and cleaved Caspase-1， and up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB and IκBα （P<0.05）. Real-time PCR analysis showed that compared with the results in the model group， after silencing P2X7R by siRNA， the mRNA expression of IL-1β， IL-18， P2X7R， NLRP3， Caspase-1， NF-κB， and IκBα was decreased （P<0.05）. PHI exerted the same effect， and the mRNA expression was further reduced after the combination of them. ConclusionPHI is presumed to suppress the expression of the NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway by down-regulating upstream P2X7R to alleviate the LPS/ATP-induced inflammation in L02 cells， suggesting that P2X7R may be the target of PHI against inflammation.
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Objective@#To investigate the association between the learning and living style with developmental dyslexia in school-aged children.@*Methods@#Using stratified cluster sampling, a total of 11 668 schoolaged children (grade 2 to 6) in the cities of Wuhan, Hangzhou and Jining were selected to participate in this programme from April 2017 to April 2018. The investigation tools combined the questionnaire on associated factors for reading ability, Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children and Pupil Rating Scale Revised Screening for Learning.@*Results@#Pupils with more than 20 minutes of exercise each day (OR=0.43-0.64) and at least 1-2 times per week (OR=0.34-0.48) had a lower risk of dyslexia. The association was observed between going to the library more than 1-2 times per semester (OR=0.41-0.62) and the decrease risk of dyslexia. Lacking active learning (OR=7.76, 95%CI=4.71-12.78), scheduled reading time (OR=2.55, 95%CI=2.01-3.23) and extracurricular training classes (OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.27-2.07) were positively associated with dyslexia. There was no significant difference in screen time duration between dyslexic and non-dyslexic children. Using electronic devices for learning was associated with decreased risk of dyslexia (OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.33-0.67), while playing video games was correlated with increased risk of dyslexia (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.16-2.41).@*Conclusion@#Physical exercise, good study habits and using the electronic products in a proper way could reduce the risk of dyslexia to a certain extent. Parents and teachers should guide the school-aged children to develop a good learning and living style.
